Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
The upper digestive endoscopy is an investigation procedure that allows the doctor to explore the first segment of the digestive system: the esophagus, the stomach and the first section of the small intestine (the duoden I and II), with the help of an endoscope (in this case the endoscope has a flexible rubber tube with diameter of approximately 8 mm, endowed with a video camera).
What does endoscopy mean?
The endoscope is introduced through the oral cavity of the patient towards the esophagus and stomach, following the physiological way of deglutition (same way we swallow food). Before the investigation, the patient may be sedated so they do not feel any discomfort.
The patient will lie on a special bed, on their left side, their head pushed a little forward. The doctor will introduce a special device in the oral cavity, in order to protect the endoscope from the patient's teeth, then, the lubrified head of the endoscope is slowly introduced into the mouth.
As the endoscopic tube advances, it sends images from inside the explored area to a monitor. If necessary, the doctor can introduce certain instruments through the endoscopic tube, in order to take tissue samples.
Uses
- screening;
- detecting esophagitis or complications of gastroesophageal reflux disease;
- detecting Barrett's esophagus;
- diagnosing hiatal hernia, gastric and esophagian ulcers, tumors, inflammations or other illnesses of the upper digestive tract;
- identifying bleeding causes of the upper digestive tract;
- determining the cause of upper abdominal pains, bloating, vomiting, unexplained weight loss etc.;
- diagnosing esophageal infections;
- monitoring the evolution of gastric ulcer;
- tissue sampling (for the biopsy of a tumor or a suspicious area etc.);
- diagnosing certain infections (Helicobacter Pilory);
- removing gastrointestinal polyps, small tumors, gallstones (of small dimensions);
- electrocoagulation of hemorrhagic vascular lesions;
- injecting bleeding vessels.
How to prepare for endoscopy?
- it is advisable that you do not eat anything for 10 hours before the procedure and stop drinking any liquids 3-4 hours before undergoing endoscopy;
- chronic treatments shouldn't be interrupted - for instance, the medicine for arterial hypertension will be taken with a small amount of water 3-4 hours before the procedure;
- if the endoscopy is done in order to sample tissues, it is recommended that you stop the anticoagulant and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory treatments, in agreement with your specialized practitioner (cardiologist etc.);
- in case the patient chooses to be deeply sedated, they should come accompanied.
Absolute contraindications
- recent myocardial infarction;
- severe respiratory insufficiency;
- uncooperative patient.